The fields of single atom engineering represent cutting-edge areas in nanotechnology and materials science, pushing the boundaries of how small we can go in engineering functional devices and materials. Nanorobots, or nanobots, are robotic systems scaled down to the nanometer level and designed to perform tasks at similarly small scales. Single atom engineering, on the other hand, involves manipulating individual atoms to create precise materials and devices with controlled properties and functionalities. By integrating single atom engineering into nanorobotics, we unlock the potential to enable the precise incorporation of multiple functionalities onto these minuscule machines with nanometer-level precision. Overcoming biological barriers is one of the primary challenges in designing effective nanotherapeutics for ocular diseases. In this talk, I will present examples of designing nanorobots to establish nanorobot-cell communication, employing single-atom-based robots in combination with stem cells for corneal repair, and using these single-atom nanorobots to penetrate biological barriers and reach the retina to combat retinal degeneration. These advancements demonstrate how single-atom nanorobots open new frontiers in ocular therapies, offering precise, non-invasive approaches for treating complex eye diseases and paving the way for next-generation nanomedicine.